Self-restacked reduced graphene oxide for high-sensitivity humidity monitoring

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Jia Guo, Huanlong Liu, Jiatao Zhang, Yulu Li, Yifeng Wu, Xueyan Yun, Tungalag Dong,
Self-restacked reduced graphene oxide for high-sensitivity humidity monitoring,
Microchemical Journal,
Volume 224,
2026,
117677,
ISSN 0026-265X,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.microc.2026.117677.
(https://www.sciencedirect.com/sc ... i/S0026265X26008799)
Abstract: The humidity-sensing performance of graphene and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) is strongly influenced by their reduction degree. However, the associated structure–property relationships are complex and feature distinct optimization windows. In this work, a humidity sensor based on self-assembled rGO films was successfully fabricated via a vacuum filtration–assisted membrane transfer technique. Comprehensive characterization of the rGO films was carried out using X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy, and Hall-effect measurements. And the humidity response of the rGO film-based sensors was systematically investigated. The results indicate that prolonged thermal reduction progressively removes oxygen-containing functional groups and partially restores the sp2 conjugated network. The rGO films exhibit p-type conductivity, with carrier concentration increasing with heating duration, thereby improving electrical conductivity. Humidity sensing tests reveal that all rGO samples display ultrafast response and recovery times (< 2 s). As the reduction time increases, the sensor response decreases across the full humidity range of 20%–96% RH, with a more pronounced reduction observed in the low-humidity region (20%–44% RH). Notably, the rGO sensor reduced for 12 min demonstrates a high nonlinear fitting accuracy (R2 = 0.9954) and excellent stability, highlighting its strong potential for practical humidity-monitoring applications.
Keywords: Reduced graphene oxide; Electrical sensors; Humidity response

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