[Other] Egg Drop Syndrome (EDS-76): Insights into Infection in Poultry Copy

Egg drop syndrome (EDS-76) affects commercial and backyard flocks globally, resulting in a significant decline in egg production. An adenovirus causes EDS-76, especially, the EDS virus (EDSV), which primarily targets hens and leads to abnormal eggs, including those with thin or soft shells and a marked reduction in egg output. Historically, EDS-76 was first recognized in Europe in 1976 and was soon linked to the production of eggs with abnormal shells. Throughout Europe, North America, and parts of Asia, the disease spread rapidly, causing significant concern within the poultry industry. The etiological agent, EDSV, is a double-stranded DNA virus that belongs to the genus adenovirus, family Adenoviridae. The virus is highly contagious and spreads through direct contact among infected birds or contaminated environments. An indication of EDS-76 is a sudden drop in egg production, thin and soft eggs, and, in some cases, a complete cessation of egg-laying. Infected hens may also exhibit mild respiratory signs and loss of body condition. Diagnosis is typically made through PCR-based detection of the virus or the identification of characteristic clinical signs and lesions. Immunity to EDS-76 is not long-lasting, as natural infection does not confer strong or durable protection. Vaccination with live or inactivated vaccines is an effective management strategy to prevent the disease. In addition to vaccination, effective prevention and control strategies, including strict biosecurity measures and early detection, are crucial for managing EDS-76. Understanding the etiology, epidemiology, and clinical manifestations of the disease is crucial for poultry farmers to implement timely interventions, thereby reducing economic losses and promoting poultry flock health.