[Other] Milk-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: Unlocking Their Potential in Human Health and Disease Treatment Copy

Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including microvesicles, apoptotic bodies, and exosomes, are a heterogeneous group of lipid bilayer membrane-bound vesicles that are released by nearly all animal and plant cells and are present in various biological fluids. Milk is a rich source of EVs, originating from various cell populations, and contains a diverse range of bioactive cargo, including nucleic acids, proteins, metabolites, lipids, and other biomolecules. Studies have demonstrated that milk-derived extracellular vesicles (miEVs) play a crucial role in inter-organismal and cross-species communication. Furthermore, miEVs have been shown to possess numerous health benefits and intrinsic therapeutic properties. Due to their excellent biocompatibility, economic viability, and scalability, miEVs have gained significant attention for the prevention and treatment of various diseases. Nonetheless, comprehensive mechanistic studies are necessary to facilitate their successful clinical translation. This chapter explores the therapeutic potential of miEVs derived from various sources, with a focus on their roles in supporting intestinal health, bone health, skin health, hair regeneration, and cancer management.