Prof David A Warrell, DM[url=]a[/url],[url=]b[/url] Send email to [email protected] ∙ David J Williams, PhD[url=]c[/url]
Affiliations & Notes
Article InfoPublication History:
Published March 14, 2023
DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(23)00002-8 External LinkAlso available on ScienceDirect External Link
Copyright: © 2023 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
[color=inherit !important]Get Access
[size=1.25]Outline
[size=1.25]Share
[size=1.25]More
SummaryThere is increasing recognition of the public health importance of snakebite envenoming. Worldwide annual incidence is likely to be 5 million bites, with mortality exceeding 150 000 deaths, and the resulting physical and psychological morbidity leads to substantial social and economic repercussions. Prevention through community education by trained health workers is the most effective and economically viable strategy for reducing risk of bites and envenoming. Clinical challenges to effective treatment are most substantial in rural areas of low-resource settings, where snakebites are most common. Classic skills of history taking, physical examination, and use of affordable point-of-care tests should be followed by monitoring of evolving local and systemic envenoming. Despite the profusion of new ideas for interventions, hyperimmune equine or ovine plasma-derived antivenoms remain the only specific treatment for snakebite envenoming. The enormous interspecies and intraspecies complexity and diversity of snake venoms, revealed by modern venomics, demands a radical redesign of many current antivenoms.
[/url]
FREE with registration!Log in or register to access the full article. [color=inherit !important]Get Access
References1.
Annan, K
Snakebite: the greatest public health crisis you have never heard of
[url=https://www.kofiannanfoundation.org/combatting-hunger/public-health-snakebite/]https://www.kofiannanfoundation.org/combatting-hunger/public-health-snakebite/Date: 2018
Date accessed: February 5, 2023
Google Scholar
2.
Redi, F
Esperienze intorno alla generazione degl' insetti
All'insegna della Stella, Florence, 1668
Crossref
Google Scholar
3.
van Zyl, C ∙ Badenhorst, M ∙ Hanekom, S ∙ et al.
Unravelling ＆low-resource settings＊: a systematic scoping review with qualitative content analysis
BMJ Glob Health. 2021; 6, e005190
Crossref
Scopus (40)
PubMed
Google Scholar
4.
Guti谷rrez, JM ∙ Calvete, JJ ∙ Habib, AG ∙ et al.
Snakebite envenoming
Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2017; 3, 17063
Google Scholar
5.
Suraweera, W ∙ Warrell, D ∙ Whitaker, R ∙ et al.
Trends in snakebite deaths in India from 2000 to 2019 in a nationally representative mortality study
eLife. 2020; 9:9
Crossref
Scopus (79)
Google Scholar
6.
Rahman, R ∙ Faiz, MA ∙ Selim, S ∙ et al.
Annual incidence of snake bite in rural Bangladesh
PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2010; 4:e860
Crossref
Scopus (106)
PubMed
Google Scholar
7.
Ediriweera, DS ∙ Kasturiratne, A ∙ Pathmeswaran, A ∙ et al.
Mapping the risk of snakebite in Sri Lanka〞a national survey with geospatial analysis
PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2016; 10, e0004813
Crossref
Scopus (86)
PubMed
Google Scholar
8.
Alcoba, G ∙ Sharma, SK ∙ Bolon, I ∙ et al.
Snakebite epidemiology in humans and domestic animals across the Terai region in Nepal: a multicluster random survey
Lancet Glob Health. 2022; 10:e398-e408
Full Text
Full Text (PDF)
Scopus (0)
PubMed
Google Scholar
9.
Shi, W ∙ Huang, X
Epidemiological characteristics of 300 patients with snake injury
J Fujian Uni Trad Chin Med. 2007; 17:14-15
Google Scholar
10.
Warrell, DA
Epidemiology, clinical features and management of snake bites in Central and South America
Campbell, J ∙ Lamar, WW (Editors)
Venomous reptiles of the Western Hemisphere
Cornell University Press, Ithaca, USA, 2004; 709-761
Google Scholar
11.
Guti谷rrez, JM
Envenenamientos por mordeduras de serpientes en America Latina y el Caribe: una vision integral de caracter regional
Bol Mal Salud Amb. 2011; 51:1-16
Google Scholar
12.
McGain, F ∙ Limbo, A ∙ Williams, DJ ∙ et al.
Snakebite mortality at Port Moresby General Hospital, Papua New Guinea, 1992每2001
Med J Aust. 2004; 181:687-691
Crossref
Scopus (22)
PubMed
Google Scholar
13.
Maciel Salazar, GK ∙ Saturnino Cristino, J ∙ Vilhena Silva-Neto, A ∙ et al.
Snakebites in ※invisible populations§: a cross-sectional survey in riverine populations in the remote western Brazilian Amazon
PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2021; 15, e0009758
Crossref
Scopus (3)
PubMed
Google Scholar
14.
Schurer, JM ∙ Dam, A ∙ Mutuyimana, MT ∙ et al.
※At the hospital they do not treat venom from snakebites§: a qualitative assessment of health seeking perspectives and experiences among snakebite victims in Rwanda
Toxicon X. 2022; 14, 100100
Crossref
Scopus (3)
PubMed
Google Scholar
15.
Faiz, MA ∙ Ahsan, MF ∙ Ghose, A ∙ et al.
Bites by the monocled cobra, Naja kaouthia, in Chittagong Division, Bangladesh: epidemiology, clinical features of envenoming and management of 70 identified cases
Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2017; 96:876-884
PubMed
Google Scholar
16.
Chaaithanya, IK ∙ Abnave, D ∙ Bawaskar, H ∙ et al.
Perceptions, awareness on snakebite envenoming among the tribal community and health care providers of Dahanu block, Palghar District in Maharashtra, India
PLoS One. 2021; 16, e0255657
Crossref
Scopus (5)
PubMed
Google Scholar
17.
Ediriweera, DS ∙ de Silva, T ∙ Kasturiratne, A ∙ et al.
Geographically regulated designs of incidence surveys can match the precision of classical survey designs whilst requiring smaller sample sizes: the case of snakebite envenoming in Sri Lanka
BMJ Glob Health. 2022; 7, e009500
Crossref
Scopus (0)
PubMed
Google Scholar
18.
GBD 2019 Snakebite Envenomation Collaborators
Global mortality of snakebite envenoming between 1990 and 2019
Nat Commun. 2022; 13, 6160
Crossref
Scopus (1)
Google Scholar
19.
Williams, DJ ∙ Faiz, MA ∙ Abela-Ridder, B ∙ et al.
Strategy for a globally coordinated response to a priority neglected tropical disease: snakebite envenoming
PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2019; 13, e0007059
Crossref
Scopus (183)
Google Scholar
20.
WHO
Snakebite envenoming〞a strategy for prevention and control
https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241515641Date: 2019
Date accessed: February 1, 2023
Google Scholar
21.
Weinstein, SA ∙ Warrell, DA ∙ Keyler, D
※Venomous§ bites from ※non-venomous§ snakes
Elsevier, London, 2022
Google Scholar
22.
Weinstein, SA ∙ Warrell, DA
The African and Middle Eastern burrowing asps (Atractaspis spp) and their allies: biology, venom and envenoming
Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt, 2019
Google Scholar
23.
WHO
WHO Expert Committee on Biological Standardization. Sixty-seventh Report
https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241210133Date: 2017
Date accessed: February 1, 2023
Google Scholar
24.
Rathnayaka, RMMKN ∙ Ranathunga, PEAN ∙ Kularatne, SAM
Clinico-epidemiology of Hypnale zara (hump-nosed pit viper) envenoming in Sri Lanka
Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2021; 115:603-612
Crossref
Scopus (3)
PubMed
Google Scholar
25.
Fernando, WK ∙ Kularatne, SA ∙ Wathudura, SP ∙ et al.
First reported case of systemic envenoming by the Sri Lankan keelback (Balanophis ceylonensis)
Toxicon. 2015; 93:20-23
Crossref
Scopus (9)
PubMed
Google Scholar
26.
Luthy, S ∙ Rake, D ∙ Buchanan, T ∙ et al.
First case report of a near lethal envenomation by a Salomonelaps par (Solomons coral snake) in the Solomon Islands
Trop Med Infect Dis. 2018; 3:90
Crossref
Scopus (1)
PubMed
Google Scholar
27.
Tangtermpong, A ∙ Pinyopornpanish, K ∙ Vasaruchapong, T ∙ et al.
The treatment of unidentified hematotoxic snake envenomation and the clinical manifestations of a Protobothrops kelomohy bite
Wilderness Environ Med. 2021; 32:83-87
Full Text
Full Text (PDF)
Scopus (0)
PubMed
Google Scholar
28.
Sai-Sein-Lin-Oo ∙ Myat-Thet-Nwe ∙ Khin-Maung-Gyi ∙ et al.
Clinical importance of the Mandalay spitting cobra (Naja mandalayensis) in Upper Myanmar〞bites, envenoming and ophthalmia
Toxicon. 2020; 184:39-47
Crossref
Scopus (2)
PubMed
Google Scholar
29.
Yokoi, H ∙ Sakai, A ∙ Kodama, T ∙ et al.
Severe hypofibrinogenemia in patients bitten by Gloydius tsushimaensis in Tsushima Island, Nagasaki, Japan, and treatment strategy
Toxicon. 2020; 188:142-149
Crossref
Scopus (2)
PubMed
Google Scholar
30.
Reyes-Velasco, J ∙ Card, DC ∙ Andrew, AL ∙ et al.
Expression of venom gene homologs in diverse python tissues suggests a new model for the evolution of snake venom
Mol Biol Evol. 2015; 32:173-183
Crossref
Scopus (64)
PubMed
Google Scholar
31.
Casewell, NR ∙ Jackson, TNW ∙ Laustsen, AH ∙ et al.
Causes and consequences of snake venom variation
Trends Pharmacol Sci. 2020; 41:570-581
Full Text
Full Text (PDF)
Scopus (103)
PubMed
Google Scholar
32.
Casewell, NR ∙ Wagstaff, SC ∙ W邦ster, W ∙ et al.
Medically important differences in snake venom composition are dictated by distinct postgenomic mechanisms
Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2014; 111:9205-9210
Crossref
Scopus (187)
PubMed
Google Scholar
33.
Sanz, L ∙ Calvete, JJ
Insights into the evolution of a snake venom multi-gene family from the genomic organization of Echis ocellatus SVMP genes
Toxins (Basel). 2016; 8:216
Crossref
Scopus (13)
PubMed
Google Scholar
34.
Perry, BW ∙ Gopalan, SS ∙ Pasquesi, GIM ∙ et al.
Snake venom gene expression is coordinated by novel regulatory architecture and the integration of multiple co-opted vertebrate pathways
Genome Res. 2022; 32:1058-1073
Crossref
Scopus (3)
PubMed
Google Scholar
35.
Suranse, V ∙ Jackson, TNW ∙ Sunagar, K
Contextual constraints: dynamic evolution of snake venom phospholipase A2
Toxins (Basel). 2022; 14:420
Crossref
Scopus (2)
PubMed
Google Scholar
36.
Mason, AJ ∙ Holding, ML ∙ Rautsaw, RM ∙ et al.
Venom gene sequence diversity and expression jointly shape diet adaptation in pitvipers
Mol Biol Evol. 2022; 39, msac082
Crossref
Scopus (3)
PubMed
Google Scholar
37.
Davies, EL ∙ Arbuckle, K
Coevolution of snake venom toxic activities and diet: evidence that ecological generalism favours toxicological diversity
Toxins (Basel). 2019; 11:711
Crossref
Scopus (32)
PubMed
Google Scholar
38.
Faisal, T ∙ Tan, KY ∙ Tan, NH ∙ et al.
Proteomics, toxicity and antivenom neutralization of Sri Lankan and Indian Russell's viper (Daboia russelii) venoms
J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis. 2021; 27, e20200177
PubMed
Google Scholar
39.
Tan, KY ∙ Shamsuddin, NN ∙ Tan, CH
Sharp-nosed pit viper (Deinagkistrodon acutus) from Taiwan and China: a comparative study on venom toxicity and neutralization by two specific antivenoms across the Strait
Acta Trop. 2022; 232, 106495
Crossref
Scopus (1)
PubMed
Google Scholar
40.
Avella, I ∙ Calvete, JJ ∙ Sanz, L ∙ et al.
Interpopulational variation and ontogenetic shift in the venom composition of Lataste's viper (Vipera latastei, Bosc芍 1878) from northern Portugal
J Proteomics. 2022; 263, 104613
Crossref
Scopus (0)
PubMed
Google Scholar
41.
Colis-Torres, A ∙ Neri-Castro, E ∙ Strickland, JL ∙ et al.
Intraspecific venom variation of Mexican West Coast rattlesnakes (Crotalus basiliscus) and its implications for antivenom production
Biochimie. 2022; 192:111-124
Crossref
Scopus (2)
PubMed
Google Scholar
42.
Senji Laxme, RR ∙ Khochare, S ∙ Attarde, S ∙ et al.
Biogeographic venom variation in Russell's viper (Daboia russelii) and the preclinical inefficacy of antivenom therapy in snakebite hotspots
PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2021; 15, e0009247
Crossref
Scopus (25)
Google Scholar
43.
Calvete, JJ ∙ Lomonte, B ∙ Saviola, AJ ∙ et al.
Mutual enlightenment: a toolbox of concepts and methods for integrating evolutionary and clinical toxinology via snake venomics and the contextual stance
Toxicon X. 2021; 9每10, 100070
Crossref
Scopus (16)
PubMed
Google Scholar
44.
Almeida, DD ∙ Viala, VL ∙ Nachtigall, PG ∙ et al.
Tracking the recruitment and evolution of snake toxins using the evolutionary context provided by the Bothrops jararaca genome
Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2021; 118, e2015159118
Crossref
Scopus (8)
Google Scholar
45.
Zhang, ZY ∙ Lv, Y ∙ Wu, W ∙ et al.
The structural and functional divergence of a neglected three-finger toxin subfamily in lethal elapids
Cell Rep. 2022; 40, 111079
Full Text
Full Text (PDF)
Scopus (0)
Google Scholar
46.
Pla, D ∙ Sanz, L ∙ Quesada-Bernat, S ∙ et al.
Phylovenomics of Daboia russelii across the Indian subcontinent. Bioactivities and comparative in vivo neutralization and in vitro third-generation antivenomics of antivenoms against venoms from India, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka
J Proteomics. 2019; 207, 103443
Crossref
Scopus (53)
PubMed
Google Scholar
47.
Lingam, TMC ∙ Tan, KY ∙ Tan, CH
Proteomics and antivenom immunoprofiling of Russell's viper (Daboia siamensis) venoms from Thailand and Indonesia
J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis. 2020; 26, e20190048
Crossref
Scopus (20)
PubMed
Google Scholar
48.
Warrell, DA
Snake venoms in science and clinical medicine. 1. Russell's viper: biology, venom and treatment of bites
Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1989; 83:732-740
Abstract
Full Text (PDF)
Scopus (197)
PubMed
Google Scholar
49.
Potet, J ∙ Beran, D ∙ Ray, N ∙ et al.
Access to antivenoms in the developing world: a multidisciplinary analysis
Toxicon X. 2021; 12, 100086
Crossref
Scopus (9)
PubMed
Google Scholar
50.
Alfred, S ∙ Bates, D ∙ White, J ∙ et al.
Acute kidney injury following eastern Russell's viper (Daboia siamensis) snakebite in Myanmar
Kidney Int Rep. 2019; 4:1337-1341
Full Text
Full Text (PDF)
Scopus (0)
PubMed
Google Scholar
51.
Schioldann, E ∙ Mahmood, MA ∙ Kyaw, MM ∙ et al.
Why snakebite patients in Myanmar seek traditional healers despite availability of biomedical care at hospitals? Community perspectives on reasons
PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2018; 12, e0006299
Crossref
Scopus (47)
PubMed
Google Scholar
52.
WHO
Guidelines for the prevention and clinical management of snakebite in Africa
WHO Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville, 2010
Google Scholar
53.
WHO
Guidelines for the management of snakebites
WHO South-East Asia Regional Office, Delhi, 2016
Google Scholar
54.
Hampton, JR ∙ Harrison, MJ ∙ Mitchell, JR ∙ et al.
Relative contributions of history-taking, physical examination, and laboratory investigation to diagnosis and management of medical outpatients
BMJ. 1975; 2:486-489
Crossref
PubMed
Google Scholar
55.
Ariaratnam, CA ∙ Sheriff, MH ∙ Theakston, RD ∙ et al.
Distinctive epidemiologic and clinical features of common krait (Bungarus caeruleus) bites in Sri Lanka
Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2008; 79:458-462
Crossref
Scopus (69)
PubMed
Google Scholar
56.
Razavi, S ∙ Weinstein, SA ∙ Bates, DJ ∙ et al.
The Australian mulga snake (Pseudechis australis: Elapidae): report of a large case series of bites and review of current knowledge
Toxicon. 2014; 85:17-26
Crossref
PubMed
Google Scholar
57.
Warrell, DA ∙ Greenwood, BM ∙ Davidson, NM ∙ et al.
Necrosis, haemorrhage and complement depletion following bites by the spitting cobra (Naja nigricollis)
Q J Med. 1976; 45:1-22
PubMed
Google Scholar
58.
Pucca, MB ∙ Knudsen, C ∙ Oliveira, IS ∙ et al.
Current knowledge on snake dry bites
Toxins (Basel). 2020; 12:668
Crossref
Scopus (16)
PubMed
Google Scholar
59.
Reitz, CJ
Boomslang bite〞time of onset of clinical envenomation
S Afr Med J. 1989; 76:39-40
PubMed
Google Scholar
60.
Reid, HA ∙ Thean, PC ∙ Chan, KE ∙ et al.
Clinical effects of bites by Malayan viper (Ancistrodon rhodostoma)
Lancet. 1963; 1:617-621
Crossref
PubMed
Google Scholar
61.
Williams, D
Ending the neglect: first aid training, clinical epidemiology and laboratory studies of snakebite in Papua New Guinea as foundations for sustainable solutions
The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 2014
Google Scholar
62.
Kumar, KS ∙ Narayanan, S ∙ Udayabhaskaran, V ∙ et al.
Clinical and epidemiologic profile and predictors of outcome of poisonous snake bites〞an analysis of 1,500 cases from a tertiary care center in Malabar, North Kerala, India
Int J Gen Med. 2018; 11:209-216
Crossref
Scopus (0)
PubMed
Google Scholar
63.
Greer, DM
Determination of brain death
N Engl J Med. 2021; 385:2554-2561
Crossref
Scopus (8)
PubMed
Google Scholar
64.
Azad, C ∙ Mahajan, V ∙ Jat, KR
Locked-in syndrome as a presentation of snakebite
Indian Pediatr. 2013; 50:695-697
Crossref
Scopus (0)
PubMed
Google Scholar
65.
Plum, F ∙ Posner, JB
The diagnosis of stupor and coma
F A Davis, Philadelphia, PA, 1966
Google Scholar
66.
Harvey, AL
Twenty years of dendrotoxins
Toxicon. 2001; 39:15-26
Crossref
Scopus (199)
PubMed
Google Scholar
67.
Rodr赤guez-Ithurralde, D ∙ Silveira, R ∙ Barbeito, L ∙ et al.
Fasciculin, a powerful anticholinesterase polypeptide from Dendroaspis angusticeps venom
Neurochem Int. 1983; 5:267-274
Crossref
Scopus (0)
PubMed
Google Scholar
68.
Lewis, RL ∙ Gutmann, L
Snake venoms and the neuromuscular junction
Semin Neurol. 2004; 24:175-179
Crossref
Scopus (61)
PubMed
Google Scholar
69.
Ramcharan, K ∙ Abdool, K ∙ Persad, N ∙ et al.
Snake bite-induced myoclonus, myokymia and myospasm with leukoencephalopathy: a video presentation
BMJ Case Rep. 2016;
published online April 19. https://doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2016-214963
Scopus (1)
Google Scholar
70.
Reid, HA
Sea-snake bites
BMJ. 1956; 2:73-78
Crossref
Scopus (13)
PubMed
Google Scholar
71.
Aalten, M ∙ Bakhuis, CFJ ∙ Asaggau, I ∙ et al.
The clinical course and treatment of black mamba (Dendroaspis polylepis) envenomations: a narrative review
Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2021; 59:860-868
Crossref
Scopus (0)
PubMed
Google Scholar
72.
Laothong, C ∙ Sitprija, V
Decreased parasympathetic activities in Malayan krait (Bungarus candidus) envenoming
Toxicon. 2001; 39:1353-1357
Crossref
Scopus (0)
PubMed
Google Scholar
73.
Kularatne, SA
Common krait (Bungarus caeruleus) bite in Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka: a prospective clinical study, 1996-98
Postgrad Med J. 2002; 78:276-280
Crossref
Scopus (0)
PubMed
Google Scholar
74.
Trinh, KX ∙ Khac, QL ∙ Trinh, LX ∙ et al.
Hyponatraemia, rhabdomyolysis, alterations in blood pressure and persistent mydriasis in patients envenomed by Malayan kraits (Bungarus candidus) in southern Viet Nam
Toxicon. 2010; 56:1070-1075
Crossref
Scopus (37)
PubMed
Google Scholar
75.
Mao, YC ∙ Liu, PY ∙ Chiang, LC ∙ et al.
Bungarus multicinctus multicinctus snakebite in Taiwan
Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2017; 96:1497-1504
Crossref
Scopus (23)
PubMed
Google Scholar
76.
Chaudhary, D ∙ Singh, H ∙ Mohan Kumar, H ∙ et al.
Autonomic dysfunction with areflexic quadriplegia: an unusual presentation of snake envenomation
Am J Emerg Med. 2022; 53:283
Crossref
Scopus (0)
Google Scholar
77.
Jorge, MT ∙ Sano-Martins, IS ∙ Tomy, SC ∙ et al.
Snakebite by the bushmaster (Lachesis muta) in Brazil: case report and review of the literature
Toxicon. 1997; 35:545-554
Crossref
Scopus (0)
PubMed
Google Scholar
78.
Reid, HA
Adder bites in Britain
BMJ. 1976; 2:153-156
Crossref
PubMed
Google Scholar
79.
Agajany, N ∙ Kozer, E ∙ Agajany, N ∙ et al.
Is severity of Daboia (Vipera) palaestinae snakebites influenced by season of exposure?
Toxicon. 2022; 206:51-54
Crossref
Scopus (1)
PubMed
Google Scholar
80.
de Siqueira, JE ∙ Higuchi, ML ∙ Nabut, N ∙ et al.
Myocardial lesions after snake bites by the Crotalus durissus terrificus species (rattlesnake). A case report
Arq Bras Cardiol. 1990; 54:323-325
(in Portuguese).
PubMed
Google Scholar
81.
Thomas, L ∙ Tyburn, B ∙ Bucher, B ∙ et al.
Prevention of thromboses in human patients with Bothrops lanceolatus envenoming in Martinique: failure of anticoagulants and efficacy of a monospecific antivenom
Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1995; 52:419-426
Crossref
PubMed
Google Scholar
82.
Sunil, KK ∙ Joseph, JK ∙ Joseph, S ∙ et al.
Cardiac involvement in vasculotoxic and neurotoxic snakebite〞a not so uncommon complication
J Assoc Physicians India. 2020; 68:39-41
PubMed
Google Scholar
83.
Van Rensburg, A ∙ Kyriakakis, C
A tale of a cobra and an octopus: Takotsubo cardiomyopathy following a snake bite
Am J Med. 2015; 128:e5-e6
Full Text
Full Text (PDF)
PubMed
Google Scholar
84.
Ratcliffe, PJ ∙ Pukrittayakamee, S ∙ Ledingham, JG ∙ et al.
Direct nephrotoxicity of Russell's viper venom demonstrated in the isolated perfused rat kidney
Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1989; 40:312-319
Crossref
PubMed
Google Scholar
85.
Yamazaki, Y ∙ Takani, K ∙ Atoda, H ∙ et al.
Snake venom vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs) exhibit potent activity through their specific recognition of KDR (VEGF receptor 2)
J Biol Chem. 2003; 278:51985-51988
Full Text
Full Text (PDF)
Scopus (0)
PubMed
Google Scholar
86.
Myint-Lwin ∙ Warrell, DA ∙ Phillips, RE ∙ et al.
Bites by Russell's viper (Vipera russelli siamensis) in Burma: haemostatic, vascular, and renal disturbances and response to treatment
Lancet. 1985; 2:1259-1264
Abstract
Scopus (136)
PubMed
Google Scholar
87.
Jayakrishnan, MP ∙ Geeta, MG ∙ Krishnakumar, P ∙ et al.
Snake bite mortality in children: beyond bite to needle time
Arch Dis Child. 2017; 102:445-449
Crossref
Scopus (4)
PubMed
Google Scholar
88.
Udayabhaskaran, V ∙ Arun Thomas, ET ∙ Shaji, B
Capillary leak syndrome following snakebite envenomation
Indian J Crit Care Med. 2017; 21:698-702
Crossref
Scopus (16)
PubMed
Google Scholar
89.
George, A ∙ Tharakan, VT ∙ Solez, K
Viper bite poisoning in India: a review with special reference to renal complications
Ren Fail. 1987; 10:91-99
Crossref
PubMed
Google Scholar
90.
Clarkson, B ∙ Thompson, D ∙ Horwith, M ∙ et al.
Cyclical edema and shock due to increased capillary permeability
Am J Med. 1960; 29:193-216
Abstract
Full Text (PDF)
PubMed
Google Scholar
91.
Druey, KM ∙ Greipp, PR
Narrative review: the systemic capillary leak syndrome
Ann Intern Med. 2010; 153:90-98
Crossref
PubMed
Google Scholar
92.
Yamazaki, Y ∙ Nakano, Y ∙ Imamura, T ∙ et al.
Augmentation of vascular permeability of VEGF is enhanced by KDR-binding proteins
Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2007; 355:693-699
Crossref
Scopus (0)
PubMed
Google Scholar
93.
Lingam, TMC ∙ Tan, KY ∙ Tan, CH
Capillary leak syndrome induced by the venoms of Russell's vipers (Daboia russelii and Daboia siamensis) from eight locales and neutralization of the differential toxicity by three snake antivenoms
Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol. 2021; 250, 109186
Crossref
Scopus (0)
PubMed
Google Scholar
94.
Rucavado, A ∙ Escalante, T ∙ Camacho, E ∙ et al.
Systemic vascular leakage induced in mice by Russell's viper venom from Pakistan
Sci Rep. 2018; 8, 16088
Crossref
Scopus (9)
PubMed
Google Scholar
95.
Tun-Pe ∙ Phillips, RE ∙ Warrell, DA ∙ et al.
Acute and chronic pituitary failure resembling Sheehan's syndrome following bites by Russell's viper in Burma
Lancet. 1987; 2:763-767
Abstract
Scopus (0)
PubMed
Google Scholar
96.
Eapen, CK ∙ Chandy, N ∙ Kochuvarkey, KL ∙ et al.
Unusual complication of snake bite: hypopituitarism after viper bites
Ohsaka, A ∙ Hayashi, K ∙ Sawai, Y (Editors)
Animal, plant and microbial toxins
Plenum Press, New York, NY, 1976; 467-473
Crossref
Google Scholar
97.
Gopalakrishnan, M ∙ Vinod, KV ∙ Dutta, TK ∙ et al.
Exploring circulatory shock and mortality in viper envenomation: a prospective observational study from India
QJM. 2018; 111:799-806
Crossref
Scopus (9)
PubMed
Google Scholar
98.
Bhat, S ∙ Mukhopadhyay, P ∙ Raychaudhury, A ∙ et al.
Predictors of hypopituitarism due to vasculotoxic snake bite with acute kidney injury
Pituitary. 2019; 22:594-600
Crossref
Scopus (4)
PubMed
Google Scholar
99.
Shivaprasad, C ∙ Aiswarya, Y ∙ Sridevi, A ∙ et al.
Delayed hypopituitarism following Russell's viper envenomation: a case series and literature review
Pituitary. 2019; 22:4-12
Crossref
Scopus (0)
PubMed
Google Scholar
100.
Antonypillai, CN ∙ Wass, JA ∙ Warrell, DA ∙ et al.
Hypopituitarism following envenoming by Russell's vipers (Daboia siamensis and D russelii) resembling Sheehan's syndrome: first case report from Sri Lanka, a review of the literature and recommendations for endocrine management
QJM. 2011; 104:97-108
Crossref
Scopus (0)
PubMed
Google Scholar
101.
Warrell, DA
Researching nature's venoms and poisons
Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2009; 103:860-866
Full Text
Full Text (PDF)
Scopus (15)
PubMed
Google Scholar
102.
Naik, BN ∙ Bhalla, A ∙ Sharma, N ∙ et al.
Pituitary dysfunction in survivors of Russell's viper snake bite envenomation: a prospective study
Neurol India. 2018; 66:1351-1358
Crossref
Scopus (0)
PubMed
Google Scholar
103.
Date, A ∙ Pulimood, R ∙ Jacob, CK ∙ et al.
Haemolytic-uraemic syndrome complicating snake bite
Nephron J. 1986; 42:89-90
Crossref
PubMed
Google Scholar
104.
Noutsos, T ∙ Currie, BJ ∙ Lek, RA ∙ et al.
Snakebite associated thrombotic microangiopathy: a systematic review of clinical features, outcomes, and evidence for interventions including plasmapheresis
PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2020; 14, e0008936
Crossref
Scopus (18)
PubMed
Google Scholar
105.
Noutsos, T ∙ Currie, BJ ∙ Wijewickrama, ES ∙ et al.
Snakebite associated thrombotic microangiopathy and recommendations for clinical practice
Toxins (Basel). 2022; 14:57
Crossref
Scopus (6)
PubMed
Google Scholar
106.
Kumar, M ∙ Arcot Thanjan, M ∙ Gopalakrishnan, N ∙ et al.
Snake envenomation-induced acute kidney injury: prognosis and long-term renal outcomes
Postgrad Med J. 2022; 98:264-268
Crossref
Scopus (1)
PubMed
Google Scholar
107.
Herath, HM ∙ Wazil, AW ∙ Abeysekara, DT ∙ et al.
Chronic kidney disease in snake envenomed patients with acute kidney injury in Sri Lanka: a descriptive study
Postgrad Med J. 2012; 88:138-142
Crossref
Scopus (37)
PubMed
Google Scholar
108.
Chapman, DS
The symptomatology, pathology, and treatment of bites of venomous snakes of Central and Southern Africa
B邦cherl, W ∙ Buckley, E ∙ Deulofeu, V (Editors)
Venomous animals and their venoms
Academic Press, New York, NY, 1968; 463-527
Crossref
Google Scholar
109.
Sridharan, S ∙ Kini, RM ∙ Richards, AM
Venom natriuretic peptides guide the design of heart failure therapeutics
Pharmacol Res. 2020; 155, 104687
Crossref
Scopus (6)
PubMed
Google Scholar
110.
Kumar Keyal, N ∙ Shrestha, R ∙ Thapa, S ∙ et al.
Krait snake bite presenting as a cerebral salt wasting
Indian J Crit Care Med. 2019; 23:347-348
Crossref
Scopus (0)
PubMed
Google Scholar
111.
van der Walt, AJ ∙ Muller, GJ
Berg adder (Bitis atropos) envenoming: an analysis of 14 cases
Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2019; 57:131-136
Crossref
Scopus (4)
PubMed
Google Scholar
112.
de Silva, U ∙ Sarathchandra, C ∙ Senanayake, H ∙ et al.
Hyponatraemia and seizures in Merrem's hump-nosed pit viper (Hypnale hypnale) envenoming: a case report
J Med Case Rep. 2018; 12:213
Crossref
Scopus (0)
PubMed
Google Scholar
113.
Audebert, F ∙ Sorkine, M ∙ Bon, C
Envenoming by viper bites in France: clinical gradation and biological quantification by ELISA
Toxicon. 1992; 30:599-609
Crossref
Scopus (0)
PubMed
Google Scholar
114.
Bucher, B ∙ Canonge, D ∙ Thomas, L ∙ et al.
Clinical indicators of envenoming and serum levels of venom antigens in patients bitten by Bothrops lanceolatus in Martinique
Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1997; 91:186-190
Abstract
Full Text (PDF)
PubMed
Google Scholar
115.
Gopalakrishnan, M ∙ Saurabh, S ∙ Sagar, P ∙ et al.
A simple mortality risk prediction score for viper envenoming in India (VENOMS): a model development and validation study
PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2022; 16, e0010183
Crossref
Scopus (0)
PubMed
Google Scholar
116.
Dart, RC ∙ Hurlbut, KM ∙ Garcia, R ∙ et al.
Validation of a severity score for the assessment of crotalid snakebite
Ann Emerg Med. 1996; 27:321-326
Full Text
Full Text (PDF)
Scopus (129)
PubMed
Google Scholar
117.
Dart, RC
Comment: in reply to Nishioka S, limitations of the Snakebite Severity Score
Ann Emerg Med. 1996; 28:272
Google Scholar
118.
Monzavi, SM ∙ Salarian, AA ∙ Khoshdel, AR ∙ et al.
Effectiveness of a clinical protocol implemented to standardize snakebite management in Iran: initial evaluation
Wilderness Environ Med. 2015; 26:115-123
Full Text
Full Text (PDF)
PubMed
Google Scholar
119.
Wood, D ∙ Sartorius, B ∙ Hift, R
Classifying snakebite in South Africa: validating a scoring system
S Afr Med J. 2016; 107:46-51
Crossref
Scopus (10)
PubMed
Google Scholar
120.
Knudsen, C ∙ J邦rgensen, JA ∙ Føns, S ∙ et al.
Snakebite envenoming diagnosis and diagnostics
Front Immunol. 2021; 12, 661457
Crossref
Scopus (21)
Google Scholar
121.
Currie, BJ
Snakebite in Australia: the role of the Venom Detection Kit
Emerg Med Australas. 2004; 16:384-386
PubMed
Google Scholar
122.
Steuten, J ∙ Winkel, K ∙ Carroll, T ∙ et al.
The molecular basis of cross-reactivity in the Australian Snake Venom Detection Kit (SVDK)
Toxicon. 2007; 50:1041-1052
Crossref
Scopus (0)
PubMed
Google Scholar
123.
Wedasingha, S ∙ Isbister, G ∙ Silva, A
Bedside coagulation tests in diagnosing venom-induced consumption coagulopathy in snakebite
Toxins (Basel). 2020; 12:583
Crossref
Scopus (0)
PubMed
Google Scholar
124.
Lamb, T ∙ Abouyannis, M ∙ de Oliveira, SS ∙ et al.
The 20-minute whole blood clotting test (20WBCT) for snakebite coagulopathy〞a systematic review and meta-analysis of diagnostic test accuracy
PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2021; 15, e0009657
Crossref
Scopus (10)
PubMed
Google Scholar
125.
O'Rourke, KM ∙ Correlje, E ∙ Martin, CL ∙ et al.
Point-of-care derived INR does not reliably detect significant coagulopathy following Australian snakebite
Thromb Res. 2013; 132:610-613
Full Text
Full Text (PDF)
PubMed
Google Scholar
126.
Isbister, GK ∙ Noutsos, T ∙ Jenkins, S ∙ et al.
D-dimer testing for early detection of venom-induced consumption coagulopathy after snakebite in Australia (ASP-29)
Med J Aust. 2022; 217:203-207
Crossref
Scopus (3)
PubMed
Google Scholar
127.
Hendriksen, JM ∙ Geersing, GJ ∙ van Voorthuizen, SC ∙ et al.
The cost-effectiveness of point-of-care D-dimer tests compared with a laboratory test to rule out deep venous thrombosis in primary care
Expert Rev Mol Diagn. 2015; 15:125-136
Crossref
Scopus (0)
PubMed
Google Scholar
128.
Blondon, M ∙ Le Gal, G ∙ Meyer, G ∙ et al.
Age-adjusted D-dimer cutoff for the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism: a cost-effectiveness analysis
J Thromb Haemost. 2020; 18:865-875
Full Text
Full Text (PDF)
Scopus (0)
PubMed
Google Scholar
129.
Mullins, ME ∙ Freeman, WE
Thromboelastometry (ROTEM) and thromboelastography (TEG) in copperhead snakebites: a case series
Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2020; 58:931-934
Crossref
Scopus (0)
PubMed
Google Scholar
130.
Mukhopadhyay, T ∙ Subramanian, A
An overview of the potential sources of diagnostic errors in (classic) thromboelastography curve interpretation and preventive measures
Pract Lab Med. 2020; 22, e00193
PubMed
Google Scholar
131.
Trevett, AJ ∙ Lalloo, DG ∙ Nwokolo, N ∙ et al.
Analysis of referral letters to assess the management of poisonous snake bite in rural Papua New Guinea
Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1994; 88:572-574
Abstract
Full Text (PDF)
Scopus (3)
PubMed
Google Scholar
132.
Berlac, PA ∙ Wammen, S ∙ Giebner, M ∙ et al.
Ambulance transportation guidelines
Ugeskr Laeger. 2010; 172:1300-1303
(in Danish).
PubMed
Google Scholar
133.
Clare, RH ∙ Hall, SR ∙ Patel, RN ∙ et al.
Small molecule drug discovery for neglected tropical snakebite
Trends Pharmacol Sci. 2021; 42:340-353
Full Text
Full Text (PDF)
Scopus (0)
PubMed
Google Scholar
134.
Knudsen, C ∙ Laustsen, AH
Recent advances in next generation snakebite antivenoms
Trop Med Infect Dis. 2018; 3:42
Crossref
Scopus (38)
PubMed
Google Scholar
135.
Potet, J ∙ Smith, J ∙ McIver, L
Reviewing evidence of the clinical effectiveness of commercially available antivenoms in sub-Saharan Africa identifies the need for a multi-centre, multi-antivenom clinical trial
PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2019; 13, e0007551
Crossref
Scopus (40)
PubMed
Google Scholar
136.
Visser, LE ∙ Kyei-Faried, S ∙ Belcher, DW ∙ et al.
Failure of a new antivenom to treat Echis ocellatus snake bite in rural Ghana: the importance of quality surveillance
Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2008; 102:445-450
Full Text
Full Text (PDF)
Scopus (100)
PubMed
Google Scholar
137.
Abu Baker, MA ∙ Al-Saraireh, M ∙ Amr, Z ∙ et al.
Snakebites in Jordan: a clinical and epidemiological study
Toxicon. 2022; 208:18-30
Crossref
Scopus (1)
PubMed
Google Scholar
138.
Herrera, M ∙ Segura, Á ∙ S芍nchez, A ∙ et al.
Freeze-dried EchiTAb+ICP antivenom formulated with sucrose is more resistant to thermal stress than the liquid formulation stabilized with sorbitol
Toxicon. 2017; 133:123-126
Crossref
Scopus (7)
PubMed
Google Scholar
139.
Massey, DJ ∙ Calvete, JJ ∙ S芍nchez, EE ∙ et al.
Venom variability and envenoming severity outcomes of the Crotalus scutulatus scutulatus (Mojave rattlesnake) from Southern Arizona
J Proteomics. 2012; 75:2576-2587
Crossref
Scopus (113)
PubMed
Google Scholar
140.
Harris, JB ∙ Grubb, BD ∙ Maltin, CA ∙ et al.
The neurotoxicity of the venom phospholipases A2, notexin and taipoxin
Exp Neurol. 2000; 161:517-526
Crossref
Scopus (0)
PubMed
Google Scholar
141.
Lalloo, DG ∙ Trevett, AJ ∙ Korinhona, A ∙ et al.
Snake bites by the Papuan taipan (Oxyuranus scutellatus canni): paralysis, hemostatic and electrocardiographic abnormalities, and effects of antivenom
Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1995; 52:525-531
Crossref
PubMed
Google Scholar
142.
Trevett, AJ ∙ Lalloo, DG ∙ Nwokolo, NC ∙ et al.
The efficacy of antivenom in the treatment of bites by the Papuan taipan (Oxyuranus scutellatus canni)
Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1995; 89:322-325
Abstract
Full Text (PDF)
Scopus (0)
PubMed
Google Scholar
143.
Casewell, NR ∙ W邦ster, W ∙ Vonk, FJ ∙ et al.
Complex cocktails: the evolutionary novelty of venoms
Trends Ecol Evol. 2013; 28:219-229
Full Text
Full Text (PDF)
Scopus (554)
PubMed
Google Scholar
144.
Madrigal, M ∙ Pla, D ∙ Sanz, L ∙ et al.
Cross-reactivity, antivenomics, and neutralization of toxic activities of Lachesis venoms by polyspecific and monospecific antivenoms
PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2017; 11, e0005793
Crossref
Scopus (19)
PubMed
Google Scholar
145.
Mora-Obando, D ∙ Pla, D ∙ Lomonte, B ∙ et al.
Antivenomics and in vivo preclinical efficacy of six Latin American antivenoms towards south-western Colombian Bothrops asper lineage venoms
PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2021; 15, e0009073
Crossref
Scopus (5)
PubMed
Google Scholar
146.
Solano, G ∙ G車mez, A ∙ Corrales, G ∙ et al.
Contributions of the snake venoms of Bothrops asper, Crotalus simus and Lachesis stenophrys to the paraspecificity of the Central American polyspecific antivenom (PoliVal-ICP)
Toxicon. 2018; 144:1-6
Crossref
Scopus (7)
PubMed
Google Scholar
147.
Ledsgaard, L ∙ Jenkins, TP ∙ Davidsen, K ∙ et al.
Antibody cross-reactivity in antivenom research
Toxins (Basel). 2018; 10:393
Crossref
Scopus (23)
PubMed
Google Scholar
148.
Ainsworth, S ∙ Slagboom, J ∙ Alomran, N ∙ et al.
The paraspecific neutralisation of snake venom induced coagulopathy by antivenoms
Commun Biol. 2018; 1:34
Crossref
Scopus (64)
PubMed
Google Scholar
149.
Senji Laxme, RR ∙ Khochare, S ∙ de Souza, HF ∙ et al.
Beyond the ＆big four＊: venom profiling of the medically important yet neglected Indian snakes reveals disturbing antivenom deficiencies
PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2019; 13, e0007899
Crossref
Scopus (61)
PubMed
Google Scholar
150.
S芍nchez, EE ∙ Migl, C ∙ Suntravat, M ∙ et al.
The neutralization efficacy of expired polyvalent antivenoms: an alternative option
Toxicon. 2019; 168:32-39
Crossref
Scopus (5)
PubMed
Google Scholar
151.
Tan, KY ∙ Liew, ST ∙ Tan, QY ∙ et al.
Evaluating the physicochemical properties and efficacy of recently expired and aged antivenom products from Thailand and Taiwan
Toxicon. 2019; 160:55-58
Crossref
Scopus (7)
PubMed
Google Scholar
152.
Mendes, VKDG ∙ Pereira, HDS ∙ Elias, IC ∙ et al.
Secondary infection profile after snakebite treated at a tertiary referral center in the Brazilian Amazon
Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 2022; 55, e0244
Crossref
Scopus (0)
Google Scholar
153.
Garg, A ∙ Sujatha, S ∙ Garg, J ∙ et al.
Wound infections secondary to snakebite
J Infect Dev Ctries. 2009; 3:221-223
Crossref
PubMed
Google Scholar
154.
Wagener, M ∙ Naidoo, M ∙ Aldous, C
Wound infection secondary to snakebite
S Afr Med J. 2017; 107:315-319
Crossref
Scopus (31)
PubMed
Google Scholar
155.
Mao, YC ∙ Liu, PY ∙ Hung, DZ ∙ et al.
Bacteriology of Naja atra snakebite wound and its implications for antibiotic therapy
Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2016; 94:1129-1135
Crossref
Scopus (0)
PubMed
Google Scholar
156.
Saaiman, EL ∙ Buys, PJC
Spitting cobra (Naja nigricincta nigricincta) bites complicated by rhabdomyolysis, possible intravascular haemolysis, and coagulopathy
S Afr Med J. 2019; 109:736-740
Crossref
Scopus (5)
PubMed
Google Scholar
157.
Severyns, M ∙ Nevi豕re, R ∙ Resiere, D ∙ et al.
Case report: Bothrops lanceolatus snakebite surgical management〞relevance of fasciotomy
Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2018; 99:1350-1353
Crossref
Scopus (2)
PubMed
Google Scholar
158.
Tsai, YH ∙ Hsu, WH ∙ Huang, KC ∙ et al.
Necrotizing fasciitis following venomous snakebites in a tertiary hospital of southwest Taiwan
Int J Infect Dis. 2017; 63:30-36
Full Text
Full Text (PDF)
Scopus (0)
PubMed
Google Scholar
159.
Le, HQ ∙ Nguyen, NTT ∙ Vo, TNA ∙ et al.
Envenoming by king cobras (Ophiophagus hannah) in Vietnam with cardiac complications and necrotizing fasciitis
Toxicon. 2021; 200:127-133
Crossref
Scopus (1)
PubMed
Google Scholar
160.
Pezzi, M ∙ Giglio, AM ∙ Scozzafava, A ∙ et al.
Spider bite: a rare case of acute necrotic arachnidism with rapid and fatal evolution
Case Rep Emerg Med. 2016; 2016, 7640789
PubMed
Google Scholar
161.
Sachett, JAG ∙ da Silva, IM ∙ Alves, EC ∙ et al.
Poor efficacy of preemptive amoxicillin clavulanate for preventing secondary infection from Bothrops snakebites in the Brazilian Amazon: a randomized controlled clinical trial
PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2017; 11, e0005745
Crossref
Scopus (43)
Google Scholar
162.
Whitesides, Jr, TE ∙ Haney, TC ∙ Harada, H ∙ et al.
A simple method for tissue pressure determination
Arch Surg. 1975; 110:1311-1313
Crossref
PubMed
Google Scholar
163.
Garfin, SR ∙ Castilonia, RR ∙ Mubarak, SJ ∙ et al.
Rattlesnake bites and surgical decompression: results using a laboratory model
Toxicon. 1984; 22:177-182
Crossref
PubMed
Google Scholar
164.
Tanen, DA ∙ Danish, DC ∙ Grice, GA ∙ et al.
Fasciotomy worsens the amount of myonecrosis in a porcine model of crotaline envenomation
Ann Emerg Med. 2004; 44:99-104
Full Text
Full Text (PDF)
Scopus (42)
PubMed
Google Scholar
165.
Matsen, 3rd, FA ∙ Wyss, CR ∙ Krugmire, Jr, RB ∙ et al.
The effects of limb elevation and dependency on local arteriovenous gradients in normal human limbs with particular reference to limbs with increased tissue pressure
Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1980; 150:187-195
Crossref
PubMed
Google Scholar
166.
Glatstein, M ∙ Lerman, L ∙ Friedman, S ∙ et al.
Severe disseminated intravascular coagulation in a child envenomated by Echis coloratus and successful treatment with monovalent equine immunoglobulin G antivenom
Toxicon. 2019; 167:82-86
Crossref
Scopus (4)
PubMed
Google Scholar
167.
Cumpston, KL
Is there a role for fasciotomy in Crotalinae envenomations in North America?
Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2011; 49:351-365
Crossref
Scopus (45)
PubMed
Google Scholar
168.
Pattinson, JP ∙ Kong, VY ∙ Bruce, JL ∙ et al.
Defining the need for surgical intervention following a snakebite still relies heavily on clinical assessment: the experience in Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
S Afr Med J. 2017; 107:1082-1085
Crossref
Scopus (4)
PubMed
Google Scholar
169.
Greene, S ∙ Cheng, D ∙ Vilke, GM ∙ et al.
How should native crotalid envenomation be managed in the emergency department?
J Emerg Med. 2021; 61:41-48
Full Text
Full Text (PDF)
Scopus (4)
PubMed
Google Scholar
170.
Banerjee, RN ∙ Sahni, AL ∙ Chacko, KA ∙ et al.
Neostigmine in the treatment of Elapidae bites
J Assoc Physicians India. 1972; 20:503-509
PubMed
Google Scholar
171.
Watt, G ∙ Theakston, RD ∙ Hayes, CG ∙ et al.
Positive response to edrophonium in patients with neurotoxic envenoming by cobras (Naja naja philippinensis). A placebo-controlled study
N Engl J Med. 1986; 315:1444-1448
Crossref
PubMed
Google Scholar
172.
Vital Brazil, O ∙ Vieira, RJ
Neostigmine in the treatment of snake accidents caused by Micrurus frontalis: report of two cases (1)
Rev Inst Med Trop São Paulo. 1996; 38:61-67
Crossref
PubMed
Google Scholar
173.
Lalloo, DG ∙ Trevett, AJ ∙ Black, J ∙ et al.
Neurotoxicity, anticoagulant activity and evidence of rhabdomyolysis in patients bitten by death adders (Acanthophis sp) in southern Papua New Guinea
QJM. 1996; 89:25-35
Crossref
PubMed
Google Scholar
174.
Berber, I ∙ Korkmaz, S ∙ Sarici, A ∙ et al.
Therapeutic plasma exchange for envenomation: is it reasonable?
Transfus Apheresis Sci. 2021; 60, 103241
Full Text
Full Text (PDF)
Scopus (2)
Google Scholar
175.
Li, A ∙ Makar, RS ∙ Hurwitz, S ∙ et al.
Treatment with or without plasma exchange for patients with acquired thrombotic microangiopathy not associated with severe ADAMTS13 deficiency: a propensity score-matched study
Transfusion. 2016; 56:2069-2077
Crossref
Scopus (23)
PubMed
Google Scholar
176.
Piedrafita, A ∙ Ribes, D ∙ Cointault, O ∙ et al.
Plasma exchange and thrombotic microangiopathies: from pathophysiology to clinical practice
Transfus Apheresis Sci. 2020; 59, 102990
Full Text
Full Text (PDF)
Scopus (3)
PubMed
Google Scholar
177.
Seifert, SA ∙ Armitage, JO ∙ Sanchez, EE
Snake envenomation. Reply
N Engl J Med. 2022; 386, 1100
Crossref
Scopus (14)
Google Scholar
178.
Isbister, GK ∙ Jayamanne, S ∙ Mohamed, F ∙ et al.
A randomized controlled trial of fresh frozen plasma for coagulopathy in Russell's viper (Daboia russelii) envenoming
J Thromb Haemost. 2017; 15:645-654
Full Text
Full Text (PDF)
Scopus (24)
PubMed
Google Scholar
179.
Isbister, GK ∙ Buckley, NA ∙ Page, CB ∙ et al.
A randomized controlled trial of fresh frozen plasma for treating venom-induced consumption coagulopathy in cases of Australian snakebite (ASP-18)
J Thromb Haemost. 2013; 11:1310-1318
Full Text
Full Text (PDF)
Scopus (44)
PubMed
Google Scholar
180.
Kumara, H ∙ Seneviratne, N ∙ Jayaratne, DS ∙ et al.
Severe coagulopathy in Merrem's hump-nosed pit viper (Hypnale hypnale) envenoming unresponsive to fresh frozen plasma: a case report
Toxicon. 2019; 163:19-22
Crossref
Scopus (6)
PubMed
Google Scholar
181.
Namal Rathnayaka, RMMK ∙ Ranathunga, PEAN ∙ Kularatne, SAM
Venom-induced consumption coagulopathy following hump-nosed pit viper (genus: Hypnale) envenoming in Sri Lanka: uncertain efficacy of fresh frozen plasma
Wilderness Environ Med. 2020; 31:131-143
Full Text
Full Text (PDF)
Scopus (0)
PubMed
Google Scholar
182.
Zeng, L ∙ Liang, Q ∙ Liang, Z ∙ et al.
Effectiveness of clotting factor replacement therapy after antivenom treatment on coagulopathic envenomation following green pit viper bites: a retrospective observational study
BMC Emerg Med. 2022; 22:9
Crossref
Scopus (2)
PubMed
Google Scholar
183.
Grover, S ∙ Xu, M ∙ Jhingran, A ∙ et al.
Clinical trials in low and middle-income countries〞successes and challenges
Gynecol Oncol Rep. 2016; 19:5-9
Crossref
Scopus (32)
PubMed
Google Scholar
184.
Williams, DJ ∙ Habib, AG ∙ Warrell, DA
Clinical studies of the effectiveness and safety of antivenoms
Toxicon. 2018; 150:1-10
Crossref
Scopus (27)
PubMed
Google Scholar
185.
Toto, N ∙ Douglas, E ∙ Gmeiner, M ∙ et al.
Conducting clinical trials in sub-Saharan Africa: challenges and lessons learned from the Malawi cryptosporidium study
Trials. 2020; 21:680
Crossref
Scopus (10)
PubMed
Google Scholar
186.
Erber, AC ∙ Ewing, V ∙ Turner, M ∙ et al.
Setting up a pragmatic clinical trial in a low-resource setting: a qualitative assessment of GoLBeT, a trial of podoconiosis management in northern Ethiopia
PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2021; 15, e0009582
Crossref
Scopus (0)
Google Scholar
187.
Bald谷, MC ∙ Chippaux, JP ∙ Boiro, MY ∙ et al.
Use of antivenoms for the treatment of envenomation by Elapidae snakes in Guinea, sub-Saharan Africa
J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis. 2013; 19:6
Crossref
PubMed
Google Scholar
188.
Chippaux, JP ∙ Massougbodji, A ∙ Stock, RP ∙ et al.
Clinical trial of an F(ab')2 polyvalent equine antivenom for African snake bites in Benin
Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2007; 77:538-546
Crossref
PubMed
Google Scholar
189.
Alirol, E ∙ Sharma, SK ∙ Ghimire, A ∙ et al.
Dose of antivenom for the treatment of snakebite with neurotoxic envenoming: evidence from a randomised controlled trial in Nepal
PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2017; 11, e0005612
Crossref
Scopus (22)
PubMed
Google Scholar
190.
Watson, JA ∙ Lamb, T ∙ Holmes, J ∙ et al.
A Bayesian phase 2 model based adaptive design to optimise antivenom dosing: application to a dose-finding trial for a novel Russell's viper antivenom in Myanmar
PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2020; 14, e0008109
Crossref
Scopus (3)
Google Scholar
191.
Abubakar, IS ∙ Abubakar, SB ∙ Habib, AG ∙ et al.
Randomised controlled double-blind non-inferiority trial of two antivenoms for saw-scaled or carpet viper (Echis ocellatus) envenoming in Nigeria
PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2010; 4:e767
Crossref
Scopus (0)
PubMed
Google Scholar
192.
WHO
Emergency use of unproven clinical interventions outside clinical trials: ethical considerations
https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240041745Date: 2022
Date accessed: February 1, 2023
Google Scholar
193.
Abouyannis, M ∙ Esmail, H ∙ Hamaluba, M ∙ et al.
A global core outcome measurement set for snakebite clinical trials
Lancet Glob Health. 2023; 11:e296-e300
Full Text
Full Text (PDF)
Scopus (0)
PubMed
Google Scholar
194.
Ariaratnam, CA ∙ Sjöström, L ∙ Raziek, Z ∙ et al.
An open, randomized comparative trial of two antivenoms for the treatment of envenoming by Sri Lankan Russell's viper (Daboia russelii russelii)
Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2001; 95:74-80
Abstract
Full Text (PDF)
Scopus (0)
PubMed
Google Scholar
195.
Abouyannis, M ∙ Aggarwal, D ∙ Lalloo, DG ∙ et al.
Clinical outcomes and outcome measurement tools reported in randomised controlled trials of treatment for snakebite envenoming: a systematic review
PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2021; 15, e0009589
Crossref
Scopus (6)
Google Scholar
196.
Ameade, EPK ∙ Bonney, I ∙ Boateng, ET
Health professionals' overestimation of knowledge on snakebite management, a threat to the survival of snakebite victims〞a cross-sectional study in Ghana
PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2021; 15, e0008756
Crossref
Scopus (10)
PubMed
Google Scholar
197.
Michael, GC ∙ Grema, BA ∙ Aliyu, I ∙ et al.
Knowledge of venomous snakes, snakebite first aid, treatment, and prevention among clinicians in northern Nigeria: a cross-sectional multicentre study
Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2018; 112:47-56
Crossref
PubMed
Google Scholar
198.
Moos, B ∙ Williams, D ∙ Bolon, I ∙ et al.
A scoping review of current practices on community engagement in rural East Africa: recommendations for snakebite envenoming
Toxicon X. 2021; 11, 100073
Crossref
Scopus (2)
PubMed
Google Scholar
199.
Kadam, P ∙ Ainsworth, S ∙ Sirur, FM ∙ et al.
Approaches for implementing society-led community interventions to mitigate snakebite envenoming burden: the SHE-India experience
PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2021; 15, e0009078
Crossref
Scopus (8)
PubMed
Google Scholar
200.
Erickson, LT ∙ Litschka-Koen, T ∙ Pons, J ∙ et al.
The ＆snake song＊: a pilot study of musical intervention in Eswatini
Rural Remote Health. 2020; 20, 5494
PubMed
Google Scholar
201.
Abdullahi, SA ∙ Habib, AG ∙ Hussaini, N
Control of snakebite envenoming: a mathematical modeling study
PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2021; 15, e0009711
Crossref
Scopus (3)
Google Scholar
Related Specialty Collections[size=1.13]This article can be found in the following collections:
Article metrics
- [size=1.15][url=https://www.linkedin.com/company/the-lancet/]
- [size=1.15]
- [size=1.15][/url]
- [size=1.15]
- [size=1.15]
- [size=1.15]
- [size=1.15]
- [size=1.15]
- [size=1.15]
Lancet Journals
- [size=0.875][url=https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/home]The Lancet
[size=0.875]The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health[size=0.875]The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology[size=0.875]The Lancet Digital Health[size=0.875]The Lancet Gastroenterology & Hepatology[size=0.875]The Lancet Global Health[size=0.875]The Lancet Haematology[size=0.875]The Lancet Healthy Longevity[size=0.875]The Lancet HIV[size=0.875]The Lancet Infectious Diseases[size=0.875]The Lancet Medical Imaging & Theranostics[size=0.875]The Lancet Microbe[size=0.875]The Lancet Neurology[size=0.875]The Lancet Obstetrics, Gynaecology, & Women's Health[size=0.875]The Lancet Oncology[size=0.875]The Lancet Planetary Health[size=0.875]The Lancet Primary Care[size=0.875]The Lancet Psychiatry[size=0.875]The Lancet Public Health[size=0.875]The Lancet Regional Health 每 Africa[size=0.875]The Lancet Regional Health 每 Americas[size=0.875]The Lancet Regional Health 每 Eastern Mediterranean[size=0.875]The Lancet Regional Health 每 Europe[size=0.875]The Lancet Regional Health 每 Southeast Asia[size=0.875]The Lancet Regional Health 每 Western Pacific[size=0.875]The Lancet Respiratory Medicine[size=0.875]The Lancet Rheumatology[size=0.875]The Lancet Surgery & Anaesthesiology[size=0.875]eBioMedicine[size=0.875]eClinicalMedicine
CLINICAL
GLOBAL HEALTH INITIATIVES
MULTIMEDIA
Information
Access
Connect
[size=0.875]
The content on this site is intended for science and health care professionals.
[size=0.875]
All content on this site: Copyright © 2026 Elsevier Ltd., its licensors, and contributors.
All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.
For all open access content, the relevant licensing terms apply.
Privacy Policy Configuraci車n de cookies Terms and Conditions Accessibility Responsible AI
[url=https://www.relx.com/][/url]
|
10
The Intersection of Venous Congestion and Arterial Underfilling in Cardiorenal Syndromes
